The Rome Statute established the International Criminal Court (ICC) with jurisdiction to prosecute those who commit:

• Crime of genocide: in accordance with the Convention on the Crime of Genocide: intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group through certain acts (murders, serious bodily or mental harm, deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction, imposing measures intended to prevent births, forcible transfer of children).
• Crimes against humanity: acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, such as murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual violence, persecution on political, racial, or religious grounds, enforced disappearance, apartheid.
• War crimes: grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions.
• Crime of aggression: the use of armed force by a State against the sovereignty, territorial integrity, or political independence of another State, in manifest violation of the UN Charter.

The ICC intervenes when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute the perpetrators themselves.

The United States, Russia, China, India, Israel, and other States—although signatories to the Geneva Conventions—do not recognize the jurisdiction of the ICC.